Cavity-Nesting Birds of Europe

The species list is based on the 722 species described in the most-used bird guide "Birds of Europe" (by Killian Mullarney, Lars Svensson, Dan Zetterström, and Peter J. Grant; 2000; Princeton University Press), which also includes Turkey, part of north Africa, as well as Canary Islands, Madeira and the Sinai peninsula. Occasional breeders are included. The type of "cavity" considered are tree holes, burrows in soil, rock crevices, niches or holes in buildings. But in some case being a "cavity" or not is still vague. Hope other European Cavnetters can help for further correction. Courtesy of Mei-Ling Bai

Scientific Name

Common Name

"Cavity" Type

Procellariidae

 

 

Fulmarus glacialis

Fulmar

burrow

Calonectris diomedea

Cory's Shearwater

burrow

Puffinus gravis

Great Shearwater

burrow

Puffinus assimilis

Little Shearwater

burrow

Puffinus puffinus

Manx Shearwater

burrow  

Puffinus griseus

Sooty Shearwater

burrow

Puffinus yelkouan

Mediterranean Shearwater

burrow

Pterodroma feae

Fea's Petrel

burrow

Pterodroma madeira

Zino's Petrel

burrow

Bulweria bulwerii

Bulwer's Petrel

burrow

Hydrobatidae

 

 

Hydrobates pelagicus

Storm-petrel

burrow

Oceanites oceanicus

Wilson's Storm-petrel

burrow

Oceanodroma leucorhoa

Leach's Storm-petrel

burrow 

Oceanodroma castro

Madeiran Storm-petrel

burrow

Oceanodroma monorhis

Swinhoe's Storm-petrel

burrow

Pelagodroma marina

White-faced Storm-petrel

burrow

Phalacrocoracidae

 

 

Phalacrocorax aristotelis

Shag

rock

Threskiornithidae

 

 

Geronticus eremita

Northern Bald Ibis

rock

Anatidae

 

 

Tadorna ferruginea

Ruddy Shelduck

burrow; tree (seldom)

Tadorna tadorna

Shelduck

rock; tree

Aix galericulata

Mandarin Duck

tree

Aix sponsa

Wood Duck

tree

Anas platyrhynchos

Mallard

tree (seldom)

Bucephala islandica

Barrow's Goldeneye

tree

Bucephala clangula

Goldeneye

tree

Mergus albellus

Smew

tree

Mergus merganser

Goosander

tree

Accipitridae

 

 

Gypaetus barbatus

Lammergeier

rock

Gyps fulvus

Griffon Vulture

rock

Hieraaetus fasciatus

Bonelli's Eagle

rock

Falconidae

 

 

Falco naumanni

Lesser Kestrel

rock; tree; building

Falco tinnunculus

Kestrel

building (sometimes)

Falco vespertinus

Red-footed Falcon

rock

Falco eleonorae

Eleonora's Falcon

rock

Falco concolor

Sooty Falcon

rock

Alcidae

 

 

Alca torda

Razorbill

rock

Cepphus grylle

Black Guillemot

rock

Alle alle

Little Auk

rock

Fratercula arctica

Puffin

rock

Columbidae

 

 

Columba livia

Rock Dove

rock

Columba oenas

Stock Dove

tree; rock (sometimes); building (sometimes)

Columba trocaz

Trocaz Pigeon

rock

Psittacidae

 

 

Psittacula krameri

Rose-ringed Parakeet

tree; building

Tytonidae

 

 

Tyto alba

Barn Owl

tree; building

Strigidae

 

 

Otus scops

Scops

tree

Otus brucei

Pale Scops Owl

tree

Surnia ulula

Hawk Owl

tree (sometimes)

Glaucidium passerinum

Pygmy Owl

tree

Athene noctua

Little Owl

tree; building

Strix aluco

Tawny Owl

tree

Strix uralensis

Ural Owl

tree (sometimes)

Strix nebulosa

Great Grey Owl

tree (sometimes)

Strix butleri

Hume's Owl

rock

Aegolius funereus

Tengelmalm's Owl

tree

Apodidae

 

 

Apus apus

Swift

building; rock; tree

Apus pallidus

Pallid Swift

building; rock

Apus melba

Alpine Swift

building; rock

Apus caffer

White-rumped Swift

rock; building (old nest of Red-rumped Swallow)

Apus unicolor

Plain Swift

building; rock

Apus affinis

Little Swift

building; rock

Alcedinidae

 

 

Alcedo atthis

Kingfisher

burrow

Halcyon smyrnensis

White-throated Kingfisher

burrow

Ceryle alcyon

Belted Kingfsher

burrow

Ceryle rudis

Pied Kingfisher

burrow

Meropidae

 

 

Merops persicus

Blue-cheeked Bee-eater

burrow

Merops apiaster

Bee-eater

burrow

Merops orientalis

Little Green Bee-eater

burrow

Coraciidae

 

 

Coracias garrulus

Roller

tree; burrow

Upupidae

 

 

Upupa epops

Hoopoe

tree; building; burrow

Picidae

 

 

Jynx torquilla

Wryneck

tree; building

Picus canus

Grey-headed Woodpecker

tree

Picus viridis

Green Woodpecker

tree

Picus vaillantii

Levaillant's Green Woodpecker

tree

Dryocopus martius

Black Woodpecker

tree

Dendrocopos major

Great Spotted Woodpecker

tree

Dendrocopos syriacus

Syrian Woodpecker

tree

Dendrocopos medius

Middle Spotted Woodpecker

tree

Dendrocopos leucotos

White-backed Woodpecker

tree

Dendrocopos minor

Lesser Spotted Woodpecker

tree

Picoides tridactylus

Three-toed Woodpecker

tree

Hirundinidae

 

 

Riparia paludicola

Plain Martin

burrow

Riparia riparia

Sand Martin

burrow

Ptyonoprogne rupestris

Crag Martin

rock; building

Ptyonoprogne fuligula

Rock Martin

building; rock

Hirundo rustica

Swallow

building; rock

Hirundo daurica

Red-rumped Swallow

building; rock

Delichon urbica

House Martin

building

Motacillidae

 

 

Motacilla cinerea

Grey Wagtail

rock

Motacilla alba

White Wagtail (Pied Wagtail)

tree; burrow (sometimes)

Cinclidae

 

 

Cinclus cinclus

Dipper

rock (sometimes)

Troglodytidae

 

 

Troglodytes troglodytes

Wren

tree, rock

Prunellidae

 

 

Prunella collaris

Alpine Accentor

rock crevice

Turdidae

 

 

Ericathus rubecula

Robin

tree

Tarsiger cyanurus

Red-flanked Bluetail

tree

Phoenicurus ochruros

Black Redstart

building

Phoenicurus phoenicurus

Redstart

tree

Phoenicurus moussieri

Moussier's Redstart

tree

Phoenicurus erythrogaster

Güldenstädt's Redstart

tree

Oenanthe isabellina

Isabelline Wheatear

ground (rodent burrow)

Oenanthe oenanthe

Wheatear (N-America)

rock; ground (rabbit burrow)

Oenanthe pleschanka

Pied Wheatear

rock; ground

Oenanthe hispanica

Black-eared Wheatear

ground

Oenanthe cypriaca

Cyprus Wheatear

rock; ground

Oenanthe deserti

Desert Wheatear

rock; ground

Oenanthe finschii

Finsch's Wheatear

rock

Oenanthe lugens

Mourning Wheatear

rock; ground

Oenanthe monacha

Hooded Wheatear

rock

Oenanthe leucopyga

White-crowned Wheatear

rock

Oenanthe leucura

Black Wheatear

rock; ground

Oenanthe moesta

Red-rumped Wheatear

ground

Cercomela melanura

Blackstart

rock

Monticola saxatilis

Rock Thrush

rock, ground

Monticola solitarius

Blue Rock Thrush

rock

Turdus torquatus

Ring Ouzel

tree; rock

Muscicapidae

 

 

Muscicapa dauurica

Brown flycatcher

tree

Muscicapa striata

Spotted Flycatcher

tree; building

Ficedula parva

Red-breasted Flycatcher

tree

Ficedula semitorquata

Semi-collared Flycatcher

tree

Ficedula albicollis

Collared Flycatcher

tree

Ficedula hypoleuca

Pied Flycatcher

tree

Paridae

 

 

Parus palustris

Marsh Tit

tree

Parus lugubris

Sombre Tit

tree

Parus montanus

Willow Tit

tree

Parus cinctus

Siberian Tit

tree

Parus cristatus

Crested Tit

tree

Parus ater

Coal Tit

tree; rock

Parus caeruleus

Blue Tit

tree

Parus cyanus

Azure Tit

tree

Parus major

Great Tit

tree

Sittidae

 

 

Sitta krueperi

Krüper's Nuthatch

tree

Sitta whiteheadi

Corsican Nuthatch

tree

Sitta europaea

Nuthatch

tree

Sitta neumayer

Rock Nuthatch

rock

Sitta ledanti

Algerian Nuthatch

tree

Sitta tephtonota

Eastern Rock Nuthatch

tree; rock

Tichodromadidae

 

 

Tichodroma muraria

Wallcreeper

rock

Certhiidae

 

 

Certhia familiaris

Treecreeper

tree

Certhia brachydactyla

Short-toed Treecreeper

tree

Corvidae

 

 

Pyrrhocorax graculus

Alpine Chough

rock

Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax

Chough

rock; building

Corvus monedula

Jackdaw

tree; rock; building

Corvus rhipidurus

Fan-tailed Raven

rock

Sturnidae

 

 

Sturnus vulgaris

Starling

tree

Sturnus unicolor

Spotless Starling

tree

Sturnus roseus

Rose-coloured Starling

tree

Onychognathus tristramii

Tristram's Starling

rock

Passeridae

 

 

Passer domesticus

House Sparrow

tree; building

Passer montanus

Tree Sparrow

tree; building

Passer simplex

Desert Sparrow

rock

Petronia petronia

Rock Sparrow

rock

Montifringilla nivalis

Snowfinch

rock

Fringillidae

 

 

Bucanetes githagineus

Trumpeter Finch

ground (sometimes)

Bucanetes mongolicus

Mongolian Finch

ground

Rhodopechys sanguinea

Crimson-winged Finch

rock (sometimes)

Carpodacus synoicus

Sinai Rosefinch

rock

Carpodacus rubicilla

Great Rosefinch

rock

Emberizidae

 

 

Plectrophenax nivalis

Snow Bunting

rock; ground

Emberiza striolata

House Bunting

building; rock